Clinical management of human infection with pandemic. There have been a total of 92 influenza outbreaks reported to the oregon health authority in the 20192020 flu sea. Pdf introductions of the new influenza ah1n1 variant virus in the netherlands led to enhanced surveillance and infection control. Pandemic influenza preparedness and response planning. Currently circulating influenza ah1n1 viruses are related to the. Pandemic h1n1 was first observed in the year 1918 in spain, where it caused millions of deaths. Pdf epidemiology and control of influenza ah1n1v in the. A wide clinical spectrum of disease ranging from nonfebrile, mild upper respiratory tract illness, febrile influenza. Influenza viruses are cultured in chick embryo and cell culture mdck. Family educational rights and privacy act ferpa and h1n1. Its called swine flu because in the past, the people who caught it had direct contact with pigs. Dhs has compiled helpful tips and links on this page for your convenience in finding state and national information regarding h1n1 flu. Influenza pneumonia incidence was high in 2005, a year when influenza ah3n2 subtype virus strains predominated, low in 2006 when ah1n1 viruses were more common, moderate in 2007 when h3n2 and.
It offers specific steps for business owners and managers to take to protect workers and to maintain continuity of operations. H3n2 viruses than against influenza ah1n1 pdm09 or influenza b viruses. Hospital preparedness checklist for pandemic influenza. As of week 442019, 1 8 influenza detections across the who european region had been reported. Before a 2009 global outbreak of h1n1 influenza, persontoperson transmission was limited. Cha hospital seasonal influenza preparedness checklist page 4 of 6 version. H1n1 has the potential to pose a serious risk to students, staff, and families throughout the 20092010 school year. People also may get sick by touching something with flu viruses on it, and then touching their mouth or nose. Performance characteristics for influenza were established during a season when seasonal influenza viruses a h1 and a h3 were the predominant influenza a viruses in. Although the pandemic is over, the virus is still around causing illness. H1n1 swine flu influenza virus sequence database from the national center for biotechnology information. Crossreactive antibody responses to the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus external icon. Stephen redd was wrapping up an influenza flu pandemic planning meeting on april 15, 2009, when someone on the phone reported that a new or novel influenza a virus had infected a 10yearold boy in california. Tracking of vaccinated personne l to includemonitoring for complications andor adverse events.
Pandemic preparedness and response lessons from the h1n1. Providing pig industry workers the annual influenza vaccine might reduce transmission risk. Cdc recommends that influenza antiviral treatment be given to all hospitalized patients with confirmed, probable, or suspected novel influenza a h1n1 and any patient with confirmed, probable or suspected novel influenza a h1n1 who is at higher risk for seasonal influenza complications. It was originally referred to as swine flu because the virus also circulates in pigs. Influenza a h1n1 09 has been in australia for 2 months and, in a world that had been preparing for a potentially dramatic outbreak due to h5 avian influenza, it has challenged global and national planning assumptions, definitions of pandemic influenza and our public health interventions. Racgp influenza a h1n1 09 public health lessons and. Effects of vaccine program against pandemic influenza ah1n1. Infection with the h1n1 influenza virus can result in severe illness and lifethreatening complications. However, sporadic human infections with swine flu have occurred. A day doesnt pass without more media coverage of swine flu, or what we now know as the h1n1 virus. In 2018, a veterinarian became sick shortly after swabbing sows exhibiting respiratory syndrome on a farm in france. H1n1 was called swine flu at first because it was thought genetically similar to flu viruses normally occurring in pigs. Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the lives of millions. H1n1 flu swine flu pubmed biomedical journal literature.
Seasonal influenza in the who european region, 20172018. The number of n95 ffrs used during the 2009 pandemic period is unclear, and supply shortages were acknowledged in the cdc 2009 h1n1 influenza interim guidance document. Judging its pandemic potential is difficult with limited data, but nevertheless essential to inform appropriate health responses. Jan 01, 2010 in april 2009, pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza virus 2009 h1n1 was first found in patients with febrile respiratory illness in the united states and mexico, and has spread rapidly across the world by humantohuman transmission. The clinical presentation of pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza is broadly similar to seasonal influenza. H1n1 influenza or swine flu is a contagious disease that is caused by the influenza virus. Asking the right questions during your conversation with your doctor will help you know what to expect and how to better navigate this condition. Clinical management of human infection with pandemic h1n1.
Emergence and pandemic potential of swineorigin h1n1 influenza. Background the epidemiology of pandemic h1n1 2009 virus infection to date indicates that children and young adults have had the highest attack rates. By using us surveillance data april 12, 2009april 10, 2010 and vaccine coverage estimates october 3, 2009april 18, 2010, we estimated that the ah1n1 pdm09 virus vaccination program prevented 700,0001,500,000 clinical cases. The virus had spread to the us from an outbreak in mexico. In the united states, it was first identified in military personnel in spring 1918. Novel h1n1 influenza swine flu novel influenza a h1n1 is a new emerging flu virus that first caused illness in mexico in the spring of 2009. Cha hospital seasonal influenza preparedness checklist page 3 of 6 version. From where did the 2009 swineorigin influenza a virus. A study by the institute of medicine stated that 90 million respirators would be needed for a 42day influenza pandemic 5. H1n1 influenza is a new strain of swine influenza a h1n1 caused by a respiratory disease of pigs. On the 11th of june 2009, the world health organization declared a global pandemic of 2009 h1n1 infection.
Seasonal influenza a h3n2 activity and antiviral treatment of patients with influenza. Jun 11, 2019 influenza virology and animal transmission studies antigenic and genetic characteristics of swineorigin 2009 ah1n1 influenza viruses circulating in humans pdf icon 327 mb, 7 pages external icon. Influenza virus h1 n1 is the subtype of influenza a virus that was the most common cause of human influenza flu in 2009, and is associated with the 1918 outbreak known as the spanish flu. Planned vs actu al production as of 10 january 2010. Historical perspective emergence of influenza a h1n1. Pandemic influenza 2009 h1n1 special edition highlights of national and local events march 18, 2009 surveillance in mexico identifies what is believed to be the first h1n1 cases april 20, 2009 symptom onset for first confirmed indiana h1n1 case april 21, 2009 cdc confirms first u. Coordination between the commonwealth and the state and territory governments occurred through the australian health protection committee. A, it was estimated that up to 70% of citizens would need to be vaccinated by the fall of 2009 1.
Mark, in diagnostic pathology of infectious disease, 2010. In april 2009, the united states began a response to the emergence of a pandemic influenza virus strain. H1n1 influenza the h1n1 virus is an influenza virus strain causing contagious illness in people, first detected in people in the united states in april 2009. H1n1 swine flu caused a major flu pandemic in 20092010. Fit testing and training is required annually per emorys respiratory program.
Clinical management of human infection with new influenza. The 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic, which was declared by the world health organization. Swine influenza virus siv is a type a influenza virus that causes a respiratory disease of pigs. The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that. An hhs retrospective on the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic.
It provides guidance for the current flu conditions as well as for more severe flu conditions. All 22 flu b specimens that were differentiated were victoria lineage. Declaration of a national emergency with respect to the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic a proclamation on april 26, 2009, the secretary of health and human services the secretary first declared a public health emergency under section 319 of the public health service act, 42 u. A summary of the first yearapril 2009may 2010 background the first influenza pandemic of the st21 century began in north america in early 2009.
The goal of this series is to provide information that will allow everyone to better understand the events surrounding emergence and spread of the new pandemic. For detailed information about flu treatment and prevention for individuals and families, please click here. Everyday actions can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. By the end of the month, it was clear that the novel new strain of influenza also contained genes from an avian flu strain. Centers for disease control and prevention is now tracking reports of human. Seasonal influenza in the who european region, 20172018 early season situational analysis choose insert then draw text box in the upper menu in the text box, insert your logo as picture make text box borders mat shape under rightclick menu, select line colour and change to white under right. H1n1 influenza protocol overview influenza a 2009 h1n1, or pandemic 2009 h1n1. For this reason, they are described as h1n1, h1n2 etc. Cumulative confirmed fatal 2009 pandemic influenza ah1n1 cases announced and reported deaths, by reporting eueea member state, as of week 17, 2010. Staffphysician education and communication provide education and crosstraining for specific needs e. The emergence of pandemic h1n1 subtype influenza in april 2009 emphasizes the need for rapid methods to manufacture large quantities of influenza vaccine. Cdc provided pcr testing protocols and primers to state laboratories, and designed a validation procedure so that 2009 h1n1 testing could be performed instate. Six of the genes are closest in sequence to those of h1n2 triplereassortant influenza viruses isolated from pigs in north america around 19992000. Seasonal influenza is a respiratory illness with a wide range of symptoms.
The pandemic of influenza ah1n1 infection in scotland 20092010 a report on the health protection response 3. The killed vaccine was injected, while the live vaccine was given as a nasal spray. Stephen redd was wrapping up an influenza flu pandemic planning meeting on april 15, 2009, when someone on the phone reported that a new or novel influenza a. Increasing outofhospital regional surge capacity for h1n1. Shope furthered the notion that the human pandemic strain of influenza a h1n1 and the infectious agent of swine influenza were closely related by showing that human adult serum could neutralize. The h1n1 virus is an enveloped rna virus belonging. Guidance on preparingworkplaces foran influenzapandemic. Doing business during an influenza pandemic 3 letter from the society for human resource management shrm november 6, 2009 dear hr colleague. Schools should work in collaboration with their state and local public health departments to address questions about sharing information between the school and these entities. A novel influenza a h1n1 virus of swine origin emerged among people in mexico.
The reemergent 1977 h1n1 strain and the gainoffunction. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the. The influenza a subtyping kit contains reagents and controls of the cdc human influenza virus realtime rt. Last season, ve against circulating influenza ah3n2 viruses was estimated to be 32% in the u. Pdf influenza is an infectious respiratory disease that, in humans, is caused by influenza a and influenza b viruses. Statewide influenza surveillance report reporting period. A qualitative description of quality improvement strategies volume 6 issue 2 andrea t. The pandemic of influenza ah1n1 infection in scotland. Novel influenza a h1n1 is a new flu virus that was first detected in april, 2009. Iso weeks 141 31 december 2018 to october 2019 summary 2019 year to date ytd includes recent week commencing iso week 1 of the year week commencing 31 december 2018.
Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide during 19181919. First, it is an analysis of how the international health regulations ihr. A novel influenza a h1n1 virus has spread rapidly across the globe. Figure 1 weekly influenza notifications in queensland by type and percentage of positive. A vaccine to protect people against illness from a pandemic influenza virus may not be widely available until many months after an influenza pandemic begins. Influenza pandemic h1n1 of 2009, also called h1n1 flu, byname swine flu, the first major influenza outbreak in the 21st century, noted for its rapid global spread, which was facilitated by an unusually high degree of viral contagiousness. Hospital preparedness checklist for pandemic influenza focus on pandemic h1n1 2009. In view of the threat posed by the current outbreak of new influenza. The 2009 flu pandemic in the united states was a novel strain of the influenza ah1n1 virus, commonly referred to as swine flu, that began in the spring of 2009. Epidemiologic data and genetic analyses revealed consecutive humantoswine and swinetohuman influenza ah1n1 pdm09 virus transmission, which occurred despite some biosecurity measures. It will be very hard to tell if someone who is sick has 2009 h1n1 flu or seasonal flu. It is an orthomyxovirus that contains the glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Fever over 100 degrees headache cough runny or stuffy nose.
On the other hand, the 2009 h1n1 virus is a serious threat to our nation and the world, unlike the swine flu episode in 1976 that led to the vaccination of over 40 million americans in the absence of any spread of the virus. In the united states, the 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus ph1n1 infected almost 20% of the population and caused 200,000 hospitalizations and 10,000 deaths from april 2009 to april 2010. Oct 25, 2011 our finding that the il17 response to 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza plays a critical role in mediating acute lung injury not only sheds light on the molecular mechanism of acute lung injury induced by 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza, but also suggests that inhibition of il17a may therapeutically ameliorate the induced acute lung injury. H1n1 influenza or swine flu is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of pigs caused by type a influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pigs. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. This strain had crossed hosts from swine to humans and appeared to have the potentially dangerous capability of humantohuman transmission. H1n1 flu swine flu disaster lit documents and resources. It is thought that novel influenza a h1n1 flu spreads in the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread. Bidirectional humanswine transmission of seasonal influenza. It was caused by an h1n1 virus with genes of avian origin. Il17 response mediates acute lung injury induced by the 2009. Both 2009 h1n1 flu and seasonal influenza are thought to spread mostly from person to person through the coughs and sneezes of people who are sick with influenza. Colloquially referred to as the russian flu, as the ussr was the first to report the outbreak to the world health organization who, the 1977 strain was actually isolated in tientsin, liaoning, and jilin, china, almost simultaneously in may of that year. Soon after the new influenza h1n1 strain emerged in april 2009, i began a series of blog posts on basic aspects of influenza virus replication and pathogenesis.
Hospital seasonal influenzapandemic preparedness checklist. Federal register declaration of a national emergency with. This guidance should be used for all patients with suspected or confirmed pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza. Of the 60 flu a specimens that have been subtyped, 54 90. Separately, discussion can turn to the otherfluthe annual seasonal flu. Implementation of the international health regulations 2005. Aug 11, 2010 internationally, 2009 h1n1 viruses and seasonal influenza viruses are cocirculating in many parts of the world. Genbank sequences from 2009 h1n1 influenza outbreak. The human influenza due to a novel subtype h1n1 fao. The first outbreak occurred in 2009 and infected people all over the world. Predicting the antigenic structure of the pandemic h1n1.
The h1n1 influenza pandemic exposed strengths and weaknesses of the global plan in place to deal with emerging infectious disease threats. A severe respiratory illness outbreak in mexico in march 2009. Human influenza virus genes and avian influenza virus genes are known to reassort with swine. Global dissemination of the virus was further expedited by the unprecedented rates of passenger travel. Due to the modes of transmission, respirators may be required when working with influenza a h1n1. It is characterised by the sudden onset of fever and cough, with other common symptoms being chills, headache, sore throat, and aching muscles and joints. H1n1 flu swine flu 2009 national institutes of health. Increasing outofhospital regional surge capacity for h1n1 2009 influenza a through existing community pediatrician offices.
In 1977, an h1n1 influenza virus appeared and circled the globe. During the early phases of an influenza pandemic, people might not have any natural immunity to the new strain. An endemic h1n1 subtype of siv has been circulating in the united states swine population since at least the 1930s, when it was first identified. The lasting impacts of the h1n1 flu pandemic response. Disease outbreaks influenza a virus, h1n1 subtype disaster planning hospital units organization and administration hospital planning health resources. Guidelines for h1n1 flu outbreak virus in swine in the. It was called swine flu early on because tests showed that it was like flu viruses that occur in swine pigs. Later, several outbreaks of influenza virus were reported in 1968, 1998, 2009. A person does not get h1n1 from being around pigs or eating pork.
It is likely that the 2009 h1n1 virus will continue to spread for years to come, like a regular seasonal influenza virus. To curtail a second wave of influenza ah1n1 2009 in the u. The swineorigin influenza a h1n1 virus that appeared in 2009 and was first found in human beings in mexico, is a reassortant with at least three parents. Persistence of the 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus. Influenza a virus subtype h1n1 ah1n1 is the subtype of influenza a virus that was the most common cause of human influenza flu in 2009, and is associated with the 1918 spanish flu outbreak. This guidance document has been written for the nhs, but the infection control principles apply to other settings delivering healthcare. Australias health sector response to pandemic h1n1 2009. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. An outbreak of ah1n1 influenza was studied in an israeli military unit of 336 healthy young men in 1982 to determine the relation of cigarette smoking to the incidence of influenza. There were no influenza outbreaks reported during week 15, 2020. Clinical management of human infection with new influenza a h1n1 virus.